Refactor platform logic within print.h (#11863)

* Remove GCC check from debug

* Remove platform logic from common.mk

* Refactor platform logic within print.h

* restore debug.c format

* headers

* Rename function pointer type

* review comments

* Update tmk_core/common/printf.c

Co-authored-by: Nick Brassel <nick@tzarc.org>

* Format

Co-authored-by: Nick Brassel <nick@tzarc.org>

tmk_core/common/keyboard.c

@@ -229,6 +229,7 @@ void keyboard_setup(void) {
 #ifndef NO_JTAG_DISABLE
     disable_jtag();
 #endif
+    print_set_sendchar(sendchar);
     matrix_setup();
     keyboard_pre_init_kb();
 }