Refactor platform logic within print.h (#11863)

* Remove GCC check from debug

* Remove platform logic from common.mk

* Refactor platform logic within print.h

* restore debug.c format

* headers

* Rename function pointer type

* review comments

* Update tmk_core/common/printf.c

Co-authored-by: Nick Brassel <nick@tzarc.org>

* Format

Co-authored-by: Nick Brassel <nick@tzarc.org>

tmk_core/protocol/chibios/usb_main.c

@@ -953,15 +953,8 @@ void console_task(void) {
     } while (size > 0);
 }
 
-#else  /* CONSOLE_ENABLE */
-int8_t sendchar(uint8_t c) {
-    (void)c;
-    return 0;
-}
 #endif /* CONSOLE_ENABLE */
 
-void _putchar(char character) { sendchar(character); }
-
 #ifdef RAW_ENABLE
 void raw_hid_send(uint8_t *data, uint8_t length) {
     // TODO: implement variable size packet