Drop FX.25 for now

2026-03-12 09:28:53 +01:00
parent 1d78a3ff09
commit 5ece69412e
10 changed files with 282 additions and 77 deletions
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -273,4 +273,7 @@ $RECYCLE.BIN/
 # Windows shortcuts
 *.lnk

+# Packet samples
+*.sample
+
 # End of https://www.toptal.com/developers/gitignore/api/node,react,sass,macos,linux,windows,visualstudiocode,vim
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# ax25.js — AX.25 + HDLC utilities (TypeScript)
+
+This repository provides low-level utilities for AX.25 frame construction/parsing and HDLC framing used in amateur radio applications. It's intentionally small and focused on framing, FCS and control-field helpers.
+
+## Highlights
+
+- `Address` – create and parse callsigns, produce 7-byte AX.25 address fields.
+- `Frame` – `InformationFrame`, `SupervisoryFrame`, `UnnumberedFrame` and `Frame.fromBytes()` parsing.
+- Control builders: `buildIControl`, `buildSControl`, `buildUControl` (and extended 2‑byte builders).
+- Encoders: `encodeFrame`, convenience `encodeAx25` / alias `encodeAX25`.
+- HDLC: `encodeHDLC`, `escapeBuffer`, `unescapeBuffer`, `computeFcs` / `crc16Ccitt`, `verifyAndStripFcs`.
+- Convenience stream helpers: `toHDLC`, `toWire`, `toWireStream`.
+- `FX25` class: detection heuristics; full FEC decoding (Reed–Solomon) is a TODO.
+
+## Install & tests
+
+```bash
+npm install
+npm test
+```
+
+## Examples
+
+Note: during development you can import directly from `src/*`. When published, import from the package entrypoint.
+
+### Address
+
+```ts
+import { Address } from './src/address';
+
+const a = Address.fromString('N0CALL-0');
+console.log(a.toString()); // N0CALL-0
+```
+
+### Build an AX.25 UI payload and HDLC-wrap it
+
+```ts
+import { Address } from './src/address';
+import { UnnumberedFrame, encodeFrame, encodeAX25, toHDLC } from './src/frame';
+
+const src = Address.fromString('SRC-1');
+const dst = Address.fromString('DST-0');
+const info = new TextEncoder().encode('payload');
+
+// quick builder
+const ax = encodeAX25(dst, src, info, { ui: true });
+
+// or construct Frame and HDLC-wrap
+const f = new UnnumberedFrame(src, dst, 0x03, 'UI', 0, info);
+const hdlc = toHDLC(f); // includes FCS, escapes and flags
+```
+
+### Parsing
+
+```ts
+import { Frame } from './src/frame';
+
+const frame = Frame.fromBytes(ax);
+console.log(frame.toString());
+```
+
+## HDLC & FCS
+
+- `computeFcs(payload)` — CRC-16-CCITT with AX.25/X.25 inversion semantics.
+- `encodeHDLC(payload, { includeFcs: true })` — wraps payload with 0x7E flags, appends FCS and escapes special bytes.
+- `verifyAndStripFcs(buf)` — validates and strips a little-endian 2-byte FCS from a buffer.
+
+## Testing and style
+
+- Tests live in `test/` and are run with Vitest. They follow `describe('Class.method', ...)` naming.
+- Keep tests targeted and add coverage for new behavior.
--- a/docs/AX25_plus_FEC_equals_FX25.pdf
+++ b/docs/AX25_plus_FEC_equals_FX25.pdf
--- a/docs/FX-25_01_06.pdf
+++ b/docs/FX-25_01_06.pdf
--- a/src/frame.ts
+++ b/src/frame.ts
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
+import { Readable } from 'stream';
 import { IFrame, IAddress } from './frame.types';
 import { Address } from './address';
-import { encodeHDLC, crc16Ccitt, verifyAndStripFcs } from './hdlc';
-import { Readable } from 'stream';
-
-const trimRight: (str: string) => string = (str) => str.replace(/\s+$/g, '');
+import { encodeHDLC } from './hdlc';


+/**
+ * Represents an AX.25 frame with source/destination addresses, control field, and information field.
+ *
+ * This class serves as a base for specific frame types (InformationFrame, SupervisoryFrame, UnnumberedFrame)
+ * and provides common functionality such as parsing from raw bytes and encoding to AX.25 format.
+ */
 export class Frame implements IFrame {
 	destination: IAddress;
 	source: IAddress;
+	repeaters: IAddress[];
+	repeatedIndex: number | null;
 	control: number;
 	pid?: number;
 	info: Uint8Array;
@@ -17,6 +23,8 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 	constructor(src: Address | string = '', dst: Address | string = '', control = 0, info?: Uint8Array) {
 		this.source = typeof src === 'string' ? Address.fromString(src) : src;
 		this.destination = typeof dst === 'string' ? Address.fromString(dst) : dst;
+		this.repeaters = [];
+		this.repeatedIndex = null;
 		this.control = control;
 		this.info = info ?? new Uint8Array(0);
 	}
@@ -36,6 +44,17 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 			ctl = `CTL${this.control.toString(16)}`;
 		}

+		// Repeater path formatting
+		let viaStr = '';
+		if (this.repeaters && this.repeaters.length > 0) {
+			const path = this.repeaters.map((repeater, i) => {
+				let s = repeater.toString();
+				if (this.repeatedIndex === i) s += '*';
+				return s;
+			}).join(',');
+			viaStr = ` via ${path}`;
+		}
+
 		const pidStr = typeof this.pid === 'number' ? ` pid ${this.pid.toString(16).toUpperCase().padStart(2, '0')}` : '';
 		const lenStr = ` len=${this.info?.length ?? 0}`;

@@ -52,7 +71,7 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 			}
 		}

-		return `fm ${src} to ${dst} ctl ${ctl}${pidStr}${lenStr}${infoText}`;
+		return `fm ${src} to ${dst}${viaStr} ctl ${ctl}${pidStr}${lenStr}${infoText}`;
 	}

  /**
@@ -68,20 +87,27 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
   * @throws {Error} If the payload is malformed, missing required fields, or does not conform to AX.25.
   */
 	static fromBytes(payload: Uint8Array): Frame {
-		// Parse AX.25 addresses (each 7 bytes) until last address (bit 0 of SSID byte === 1)
+		// Skip leading null bytes (common in some KISS/TNC output)
 		let offset = 0;
-		const addrs: IAddress[] = [];
+		while (offset < payload.length && payload[offset] === 0x00) {
+			offset++;
+		}
+
+		// Parse AX.25 addresses (each 7 bytes) until last address (bit 0 of SSID byte === 1)
+		const addrs: Address[] = [];
+		const repeaterFlags: boolean[] = [];
 		while (offset + 7 <= payload.length) {
-				const field = payload.slice(offset, offset + 7);
-				const ssidByte = field[6];
-				const isLast = (ssidByte & 0x01) === 1;
-				// construct Address instance from the 7-byte AX.25 address field
-				const addr = Address.fromBytes(field);
-				addrs.push(addr);
+			const field = payload.slice(offset, offset + 7);
+      const addr = Address.fromBytes(field);
+      const isLast = addr.getExtension();
+			const hasRepeated = addr.getCH();
+			addrs.push(addr);
+			repeaterFlags.push(hasRepeated);
 			offset += 7;
 			if (isLast) break;
 		}

+    // Need at least destination and source addresses
 		if (addrs.length < 2) throw new Error('AX.25: not enough address fields');

 		// next byte: control
@@ -90,8 +116,10 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 		offset += 1;

 		// Addresses as Address objects
-		const dst = Address.fromBytes(addrsRaw(payload, 0));
-		const src = Address.fromBytes(addrsRaw(payload, 7));
+		const dst: Address = addrs[0];
+		const src: Address = addrs[1];
+		const repeaters: Address[] = addrs.length > 2 ? addrs.slice(2) : [];
+		const repeatedIndex = repeaterFlags.length > 2 ? repeaterFlags.slice(2).lastIndexOf(true) : -1;

 		// Decode control field (only 1-byte control supported here)
 		// I-frame: bit0 == 0
@@ -101,6 +129,8 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 			const nr = (control >> 5) & 0x07;
 			const info = payload.slice(offset);
 			const f = new InformationFrame(src, dst, control, info, ns, nr, pf);
+			f.repeaters = repeaters;
+			f.repeatedIndex = repeatedIndex >= 0 ? repeatedIndex : null;
 			f.raw = payload;
 			return f;
 		}
@@ -126,6 +156,8 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 					break;
 			}
 			const f = new SupervisoryFrame(src, dst, control, sType, nr, pf);
+			f.repeaters = repeaters;
+			f.repeatedIndex = repeatedIndex >= 0 ? repeatedIndex : null;
 			f.raw = payload;
 			return f;
 		}
@@ -162,6 +194,8 @@ export class Frame implements IFrame {
 				}
 			}
 			const f = new UnnumberedFrame(src, dst, control, uType, pf, info);
+			f.repeaters = repeaters;
+			f.repeatedIndex = repeatedIndex >= 0 ? repeatedIndex : null;
 			f.pid = uPid;
 			f.raw = payload;
 			return f;
@@ -174,7 +208,7 @@ export class InformationFrame extends Frame {
 	nr: number;
 	pf: number;

-	constructor(src: IAddress, dst: IAddress, control: number, info: Uint8Array, ns: number, nr: number, pf: number) {
+	constructor(src: Address, dst: Address, control: number, info: Uint8Array, ns: number, nr: number, pf: number) {
 		super(src, dst, control, info);
 		this.ns = ns;
 		this.nr = nr;
@@ -187,7 +221,7 @@ export class SupervisoryFrame extends Frame {
 	nr: number;
 	pf: number;

-	constructor(src: IAddress, dst: IAddress, control: number, sType: 'RR' | 'RNR' | 'REJ' | 'SREJ', nr: number, pf: number) {
+	constructor(src: Address, dst: Address, control: number, sType: 'RR' | 'RNR' | 'REJ' | 'SREJ', nr: number, pf: number) {
 		super(src, dst, control, new Uint8Array(0));
 		this.sType = sType;
 		this.nr = nr;
@@ -199,7 +233,7 @@ export class UnnumberedFrame extends Frame {
 	uType: string;
 	pf: number;

-	constructor(src: IAddress, dst: IAddress, control: number, uType: string, pf: number, info?: Uint8Array) {
+	constructor(src: Address, dst: Address, control: number, uType: string, pf: number, info?: Uint8Array) {
 		super(src, dst, control, info);
 		this.uType = uType;
 		this.pf = pf;
@@ -306,57 +340,3 @@ export const encodeAX25: (dst: Address | string, src: Address | string, info: Ui
 	parts.push(...info);
 	return Uint8Array.from(parts);
 }
-
-export class FX25 {
-	/**
-	 * Heuristic detection: if raw AX.25 parsing and simple FCS checks fail,
-	 * this may be an FX.25 frame (FEC encoded). This is a lightweight
-	 * starter; proper FX.25 requires Reed-Solomon decoding which is
-	 * not implemented here.
-	 */
-	static isLikelyFx25(raw: Uint8Array): boolean {
-		try {
-			Frame.fromBytes(raw);
-			return false;
-		} catch (_) {}
-		const f = verifyAndStripFcs(raw);
-		if (f.ok) {
-			try {
-				Frame.fromBytes(f.payload!);
-				return false;
-			} catch (_) {}
-		}
-		return raw.length > 0; // conservative: could be FX.25
-	}
-
-	/**
-	 * Attempt to decode FX.25 to AX.25 frames. Currently tries plain AX.25
-	 * and FCS-stripped AX.25. A full FX.25 (FEC) implementation would go
-	 * where the TODO is.
-	 */
-	static decode(raw: Uint8Array): Frame[] {
-		// try raw
-		try {
-			return [Frame.fromBytes(raw)];
-		} catch (_) {
-			// continue
-		}
-
-		// try strip FCS
-		const res = verifyAndStripFcs(raw);
-		if (res.ok && res.payload) {
-			try {
-				return [Frame.fromBytes(res.payload)];
-			} catch (_) {
-				// continue
-			}
-		}
-
-		// TODO: implement FX.25 FEC decode (Reed-Solomon) here
-		throw new Error('FX25.decode: FEC decoding not implemented');
-	}
-
-	static computeCheck(raw: Uint8Array): number {
-		return crc16Ccitt(raw);
-	}
-}
--- a/src/frame.types.ts
+++ b/src/frame.types.ts
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ export interface IAddress {
 export interface IFrame {
  destination: IAddress;
  source: IAddress;
+  repeaters?: IAddress[];
  control: number;
  pid?: number;
  info: Uint8Array;
--- a/src/hdlc.ts
+++ b/src/hdlc.ts
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ export const encodeHDLC: (payload: Uint8Array, options?: { includeFcs?: boolean
 };

 // CRC / FCS helpers (CRC-16-CCITT)
-export const crc16Ccitt: (buf: Uint8Array, initial?: number) => number = (buf, initial = 0xffff) => {
+export const crc16CCITT: (buf: Uint8Array, initial?: number) => number = (buf, initial = 0xffff) => {
  let crc = initial & 0xffff;
  for (let i = 0; i < buf.length; i++) {
    crc ^= (buf[i] << 8) & 0xffff;
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ export const verifyAndStripFcs: (buf: Uint8Array) => { ok: boolean; payload?: Ui
  if (buf.length < 2) return { ok: false };
  const fcs = buf[buf.length - 2] | (buf[buf.length - 1] << 8);
  const payload = buf.slice(0, buf.length - 2);
-  const crc = crc16Ccitt(payload);
+  const crc = crc16CCITT(payload);
  // AX.25 transmits inverted CRC (FCS = CRC ^ 0xFFFF)
  if ((crc ^ 0xffff) === fcs) return { ok: true, payload, fcs };
  return { ok: false };
 };

 export const computeFcs: (buf: Uint8Array) => number = (buf) => {
-  const crc = crc16Ccitt(buf);
+  const crc = crc16CCITT(buf);
  return crc ^ 0xffff;
 };

--- a/src/index.ts
+++ b/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export * from './frame';
+export * from './frame.types';
+export type * from './frame.types';
+export * from './address';
+export * from './hdlc';
+export * from './kiss';
--- a/test/frame.test.ts
+++ b/test/frame.test.ts
@@ -96,4 +96,148 @@ describe('Frame.toHDLC', () => {
    expect(unescaped[unescaped.length - 2]).toBe(fcs & 0xff);
    expect(unescaped[unescaped.length - 1]).toBe((fcs >> 8) & 0xff);
  });
+
+  describe('Frame.fromBytes (embedded hex test vectors)', () => {
+    // Helper to convert hex string to Uint8Array
+    const hexToBytes = (hex: string): Uint8Array => {
+      const clean = hex.replace(/[^a-fA-F0-9]/g, '');
+      const arr = [];
+      for (let i = 0; i < clean.length; i += 2) {
+        arr.push(parseInt(clean.slice(i, i + 2), 16));
+      }
+      return new Uint8Array(arr);
+    };
+
+    // Common property keys for all vectors
+    const commonKeys = [
+      'hex', 'length', 'type', 'source', 'destination', 'repeaters', 'control', 'pid', 'infoHex', 'toString',
+    ];
+
+    // Test vectors generated from radio.sample.log
+    const vectors = [
+      {
+        hex: '82a0aa646a9ce09c6cae96b44066aea46c828488e103f03d333734362e34324e3131323232362e30305723207b55495633324e7d0d',
+        length: 53,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'N6WKZ-3',
+        destination: 'APU25N-0',
+        repeaters: ["WR6ABD-0"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoHex: '3d333734362e34324e3131323232362e30305723207b55495633324e7d0d',
+        infoStr: '=3746.42N112226.00W# {UIV32N}\n',
+        toString: 'fm N6WKZ-3 to APU25N-0 via WR6ABD-0* ctl UI- pid F0 len=30: =3746.42N112226.00W# {UIV32N}\n',
+      },
+      {
+        hex: '82a0a866626260ae628a94404074ae846ca89aa6ea9c6cb4b04040e6ae92888a6440e103f02f3231303732357a333831342e32394e2f31323233362e3933573e3237352f3030302f413d3030303031332f4544204a20534147',
+        length: 89,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'W1EJ-10',
+        destination: 'APT311-0',
+        repeaters: ["WB6TMS-5","N6ZX-3","WIDE2-0"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoHex: '2f3231303732357a333831342e32394e2f31323233362e3933573e3237352f3030302f413d3030303031332f4544204a20534147',
+        infoStr: '/210725z3814.29N/12236.93W>275/000/A=000013/ED J SAG',
+        toString: 'fm W1EJ-10 to APT311-0 via WB6TMS-5,N6ZX-3,WIDE2-0* ctl UI- pid F0 len=52: /210725z3814.29N/12236.93W>275/000/A=000013/ED J SAG',
+      },
+      {
+        hex: '82a09c667262608682a4a69e9c608a86909e4040e09c6cb4b04040e6ae92888a6440e103f021333834312e36384e3131313935392e33365723504847373633362f4e43416e2c54454d506e2f574736442f436172736f6e20506173732c2043412f413d3030383537330d',
+        length: 106,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'CARSON-0',
+        destination: 'APN391-0',
+        repeaters: ["ECHO-0","N6ZX-3","WIDE2-0"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoHex: '21333834312e36384e3131313935392e33365723504847373633362f4e43416e2c54454d506e2f574736442f436172736f6e20506173732c2043412f413d3030383537330d',
+        infoStr: '!3841.68N111959.36W#PHG7636/NCAn,TEMPn/WG6D/Carson Pass, CA/A=008573\n',
+        toString: 'fm CARSON-0 to APN391-0 via ECHO-0,N6ZX-3,WIDE2-0* ctl UI- pid F0 len=69: !3841.68N111959.36W#PHG7636/NCAn,TEMPn/WG6D/Carson Pass, CA/A=008573\n',
+      },
+      {
+        hex: '82a0aa646a9ce0968a6c96b29260966ca8aa9e40e69c6cb4b04040e6ae92888a6440e103f0403231303732367a333735312e35334e2f31323031322e3833575f3231332f3030306730303074303633723030307030303050303030683435623130303936415052532f43574f5020576561746865720d',
+        length: 118,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'KE6KYI-0',
+        destination: 'APU25N-0',
+        repeaters: ["K6TUO-3","N6ZX-3","WIDE2-0"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoHex: '403231303732367a333735312e35334e2f31323031322e3833575f3231332f3030306730303074303633723030307030303050303030683435623130303936415052532f43574f5020576561746865720d',
+        infoStr: '@210726z3751.53N/12012.83W_213/000g000t063r000p000P000h45b10096APRS/CWOP Weather\n',
+        toString: 'fm KE6KYI-0 to APU25N-0 via K6TUO-3,N6ZX-3,WIDE2-0* ctl UI- pid F0 len=81: @210726z3751.53N/12012.83W_213/000g000t063r000p000P000h45b10096APRS/CWOP Weather\n',
+      },
+    {
+        hex: '66b06aa6a4a460968e6cb498a2788a86909e4040e0ae92888a6240e09c6cb4b04040e6ae92888a6440e103f060305a296c227b6a2f22494e7d',
+        length: 57,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'KG6ZLQ-12',
+        destination: '3X5SRR-0',
+        repeaters: ["ECHO-0","WIDE1-0","N6ZX-3","WIDE2-0"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoHex: '60305a296c227b6a2f22494e7d',
+        infoStr: '`0Z)l"{j/"IN}',
+        toString: 'fm KG6ZLQ-12 to 3X5SRR-0 via ECHO-0,WIDE1-0,N6ZX-3,WIDE2-0* ctl UI- pid F0 len=13: `0Z)l"{j/"IN}',
+      },
+    {
+        hex: '82a0a664647060ae6ca6928e4060ae6c86b04040e703f03d333833342e32324e2f31323131382e3336576f504847333344302043616c454d412d4d61746865720d',
+        length: 65,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'W6SIG-0',
+        destination: 'APS228-0',
+        repeaters: ["W6CX-3"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoStr: '=3834.22N/12118.36WoPHG33D0 CalEMA-Mather',
+        toString: 'fm W6SIG-0 to APS228-0 via W6CX-3* ctl UI- pid F0 len=42: =3834.22N/12118.36WoPHG33D0 CalEMA-Mather',
+      },
+      {
+        hex: 'a66ea6b0aeac6096926c82a69060ae826ca89eaee4ae6c86b04040e6ae92888a64406103f0603234676c201c3e2f272233757d4d542d5254477c25562560276e7c21777755217c33',
+        length: 72,
+        type: 'UnnumberedFrame',
+        source: 'KI6ASH-0',
+        destination: 'S7SXWV-0',
+        repeaters: ["WA6TOW-2","W6CX-3","WIDE2-0"],
+        control: 3,
+        pid: 240,
+        infoHex: '603234676c201c3e2f272233757d4d542d5254477c25562560276e7c21777755217c33',
+        toString: 'fm KI6ASH-0 to S7SXWV-0 via WA6TOW-2,W6CX-3*,WIDE2-0 ctl UI- pid F0 len=35',
+      },
+    ];
+
+    // Tests for each vector: assert properties for parsed frames
+    vectors.forEach((vector) => {
+      it(`parses ${vector.toString} (all properties)`, () => {
+        const buf = hexToBytes(vector.hex);
+        const frame = Frame.fromBytes(buf);
+        expect(frame).toBeDefined();
+        expect(buf.length).toBe(vector.length);
+        expect(frame.constructor.name).toBe(vector.type);
+        expect(frame.source.toString()).toBe(vector.source);
+        expect(frame.destination.toString()).toBe(vector.destination);
+        if (vector.repeaters && frame.repeaters) {
+          const printable = vector.repeaters.every(r => /^[\x20-\x7E,]*$/.test(r));
+          if (printable) {
+            expect(frame.repeaters.map(d => d.toString())).toEqual(vector.repeaters);
+          }
+        }
+        expect(frame.control).toBe(vector.control);
+        expect(frame.pid).toBe(vector.pid);
+        if (vector.infoStr !== undefined) {
+          const got = new TextDecoder().decode(frame.info).replace(/\r\n?/g, "\n").replace(/\n+$/g, "");
+          const expected = vector.infoStr.replace(/\r\n?/g, "\n").replace(/\n+$/g, "");
+          expect(got).toBe(expected);
+        } else {
+          expect(Buffer.from(frame.info).toString('hex')).toBe(vector.infoHex);
+        }
+        if (vector.toString !== undefined) {
+          const got = frame.toString().replace(/\r\n?/g, "\n").replace(/\n+$/g, "");
+          const expected = vector.toString.replace(/\r\n?/g, "\n").replace(/\n+$/g, "");
+          expect(got).toBe(expected);
+        }
+      });
+    });
+
+  });
 });
--- a/test/hdlc.test.ts
+++ b/test/hdlc.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
-import { escapeBuffer, unescapeBuffer, crc16Ccitt, verifyAndStripFcs, computeFcs, encodeHDLC, appendFcsLE, bitStuffBits } from '../src/hdlc';
+import { escapeBuffer, unescapeBuffer, crc16CCITT, verifyAndStripFcs, computeFcs, encodeHDLC, appendFcsLE, bitStuffBits } from '../src/hdlc';

 describe('HDLC.escapeBuffer', () => {
  it('escapes and unescapes special bytes', () => {
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ describe('HDLC.computeFcs', () => {

  it('CRC/X-25 standard test string', () => {
    const payload = new TextEncoder().encode('123456789');
-    const pre = crc16Ccitt(payload);
+    const pre = crc16CCITT(payload);
    expect(pre).toBe(0x29b1);
    const fcs = computeFcs(payload);
    expect(fcs).toBe(0xd64e);